The Dunning–Kruger Effect
The Dunning-Kruger effect is in operation when humans with minimal skill, limited knowledge, or inadequate competence grossly overestimate their ability.
Selective Perception
Selective perception describes how humans tend to perceive some experiences while ignoring others based on their unique frame of reference.
Confirmation Bias
Confirmation bias is the tendency for humans to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories.
The Semmelweis Reflex
The Semmelweis Reflex is the tendency for humans to reject new evidence or knowledge because it differs from established norms, beliefs, or standards — despite adequate proof.
The Barnum Effect
The Barnum Effect is in play when humans believe that personality descriptions apply specifically to them.
Confabulation
Confabulation is a memory error. It happens when there are gaps in a human's memory, and those gaps are filled with manufactured, misinterpreted, and distorted information.